International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar
Issues from 2012 to 2024 are available on jrps.shodhsagar.com Title: International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar ISSN: 2278-6848 Frequency: Quarterly (4 issues per year) Copyright: Remain Journal Starting Year: 2012 Aim and Scope: Multidisciplinary Language: English and Hindi Publication Format: Online and Offline (Open Access) Phone No.: +91-7206072525 Email: shodhsagar@gmail.com
Rising Crimes Against Women in India: A Socio-Legal Analysis
Crimes against women have emerged as a critical social and legal concern in contemporary India, reflecting deep-rooted gender inequality and systemic challenges in the protection of women’s rights. Despite the existence of progressive laws such as the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, incidents of rape, dowry deaths, domestic violence, sexual harassment, and trafficking continue to rise. This study undertakes a socio-legal analysis to examine the underlying causes, patterns, and institutional responses to crimes against women in India. It explores how cultural norms, patriarchal attitudes, and socio-economic disparities contribute to gender-based violence and impede access to justice. The paper also evaluates the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies and judicial mechanisms in addressing women’s safety concerns. Through secondary data analysis and review of recent legal cases, the study highlights the gaps between legislation and implementation. The findings emphasize the need for gender-sensitive policing, public awareness, and social reformation to curb such crimes. Strengthening institutional accountability and promoting women’s empowerment are vital to ensuring justice and equality.
Crimes against women, gender-based violence, socio-legal analysis, women’s rights, justice system, patriarchy, gender equality, India.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of the Digital Economy in Shaping Trade and Economic Growth in Central Asia
The digital economy functions as an essential element which changes economic systems by creating new trade patterns and enhancing productivity and driving worldwide economic growth. Central Asia establishes new economic systems through digital transformation which enables the region to move beyond its past dependency on natural resources and traditional trading routes for international market access. The research investigates how the digital economy affects trade patterns and economic development in Central Asian nations which include Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The study investigates how information and communication technologies (ICT) together with digital infrastructure and e-commerce and digital payment systems and innovation ecosystems drive economic development. Through its research the study shows how digitalization helps businesses operate more efficiently because it decreases operational costs and increases network accessibility which enables SMEs to conduct international business operations. The research establishes several critical challenges which include problems with digital equality and the need for increased infrastructure development and the requirement for improved legal frameworks and the necessity for enhanced cybersecurity measures. Central Asia achieves continuous economic growth through its digital adoption according to research which combines secondary data with empirical evidence from international organizations to demonstrate how the region progresses while facing income inequality issues. The research indicates that organizations should invest strategically in digital infrastructure and human capital development as well as policy reforms to achieve maximum advantages from digital transformation. The research shows that Central Asia can attain environmentally sustainable development through the digital economy which provides significant growth opportunities for the region.
ग्रामीण शिक्षा प्रणाली में संसाधन असमानता और समाधान का अध्ययन
ग्रामीण शिक्षा प्रणाली में संसाधन असमानता एक जटिल और बहुआयामी समस्या के रूप में उभरती है, जो शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता, पहुँच और परिणामों को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्रभावित करती है। विभिन्न अध्ययनों से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में विद्यालयी अवसंरचना, प्रशिक्षित शिक्षकों की उपलब्धता, डिजिटल संसाधनों की पहुँच, शैक्षणिक सामग्री तथा प्रशासनिक समर्थन में असंतुलन विद्यमान है। यद्यपि नामांकन दर में वृद्धि हुई है, फिर भी सीखने के स्तर, विशेषकर भाषा और गणितीय दक्षताओं में अपेक्षित सुधार नहीं देखा गया है। साहित्य यह भी दर्शाता है कि शिक्षक अनुपस्थिति, एकल-शिक्षक विद्यालय, तकनीकी संसाधनों की कमी तथा सामाजिक-आर्थिक बाधाएँ ग्रामीण विद्यार्थियों के समग्र विकास में प्रमुख अवरोध बनती हैं। डिजिटल विभाजन ने इस असमानता को और अधिक गहरा किया है, जिससे ग्रामीण और शहरी क्षेत्रों के बीच शैक्षिक अंतर बढ़ा है। अध्ययनों के आधार पर यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि समस्या का समाधान केवल संसाधनों की उपलब्धता बढ़ाने से संभव नहीं है, बल्कि उनके समुचित वितरण, प्रभावी उपयोग, शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण, सामुदायिक सहभागिता तथा स्थानीय आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप नीतिगत हस्तक्षेप आवश्यक हैं। यदि इन सभी पहलुओं को समन्वित रूप से लागू किया जाए, तो ग्रामीण शिक्षा प्रणाली को अधिक समावेशी, गुणवत्तापूर्ण और समानतामूलक बनाया जा सकता है।
From Excess to Essentials: The Role of Veganism in Sustainable Consumption and Minimalist Living
The contemporary global environmental crisis necessitates a re-evaluation of how we consume goods and make life choices. This research studies the convergence of veganism, sustainable consumption, and minimalistic lifestyles as means of creating an environmentally sustainable future. This study looks at the eco-friendliness of plant-based diets and minimalism through a thorough assessment of secondary data and literature research, which includes not only academic articles but also scientific studies. The paper's findings indicate that veganism might attain a maximum of 67% decrease of its carbon footprints in terms of diet as compared to a diet containing meat, fish, and/or poultry. Meanwhile, in the case of a combination of minimalism and zero-waste practices, a person can cut down their carbon footprints by 21% and water footprints by 34%. Moreover, this study considers the environmental, ethical, and behavioural aspects of such lifestyle choices, the difficulties in their adoption are also analysed, and recommendations for action are given to policymakers, researchers, and personal individuals. Thus, minimalism and/or plant-based diets have been proposed as an efficient and feasible approach for facilitating the emergence of sustainable consumption practices in the 21st century.
Veganism, Sustainable Consumption, Minimalism, Plant-Based Diets, Carbon Footprint, Consumer Behaviour, Ethical Consumption
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal for Research Publication and Seminar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Anatomy of Urban Despair: Meja Mwangi’s Kill Me Quick and the Modern African Youth Bulge
This paper examines Meja Mwangi’s Kill Me Quick (1973) as a prophetic critique of the socio-economic marginalization of African youth. By synthesizing Mwangi’s sordid realism with contemporary demographic data regarding the youth bulge and higher unemployment rate among those aged 18–25, this study argues that the despair depicted in the 1970s is a structural precursor to the modern crises of radicalization and high-risk migration. Through an analysis of the characters Meja and Maina, the paper illustrates how systemic exclusion converts educational achievement into a catalyst for delinquency.The study concludes that Mwangi’s role as a social critic is defined by his ability to humanize the ‘unbeautiful’statistics of urban decay.
African Literature, Meja Mwangi, Youth Bulge, Urban Despair, Criminalization, Social Criticism.
Environmental and Mechanical assessment of concrete made with construction and Demolition waste
The rapid increase in construction and demolition (C&D) waste has posed serious environmental concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable waste management and efficient use of natural resources. This study examines both the environmental and mechanical behavior of concrete prepared using recycled materials obtained from construction and demolition waste. In this investigation, natural aggregates were partially substituted with recycled aggregates produced from processed C&D waste at different replacement ratios. The mechanical characteristics of the concrete, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength, were tested at various curing periods to evaluate its structural suitability. Furthermore, an environmental analysis was conducted by assessing the reduction in natural resource usage, landfill disposal, and carbon emissions achieved through the incorporation of recycled materials. The findings revealed that concrete containing optimal amounts of recycled aggregates achieved mechanical performance comparable to that of conventional concrete, while also minimizing environmental impacts. Overall, the study demonstrates that the use of construction and demolition waste in concrete production is an effective and sustainable alternative to traditional materials, supporting resource conservation and environmental sustainability in the construction sector.
The Constitutional Significance of Writs: A Legal Framework for Fundamental Rights
Writs are formal written orders issued by a court directing an individual, public authority, or lower court to take specific action or refrain from acting in a particular manner. In the context of judicial systems, writs serve as powerful tools for ensuring accountability, enforcing legal rights, and safeguarding the rule of law. Their historical roots can be traced back to English common law, where they initially functioned as royal commands, giving the monarch the authority to ensure justice was administered fairly across the land. Over time, these writs evolved into legal remedies for protecting individual freedoms and maintaining judicial oversight over state actions. In the Indian context, writs assume a critical role under the Constitution of India, especially in enforcing fundamental rights. Articles 32 and 226 of the Indian Constitution provide a robust framework for the issuance of writs by the Supreme Court and High Courts, respectively. Through these writs, the judiciary ensures that public authorities act within their legal bounds and that citizens have access to effective remedies against unconstitutional acts or unlawful detention. Writs, such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto, address a wide range of legal issues from unlawful detention to judicial review of administrative actions. The availability of writs as remedies underpins the modern principle of judicial review, which is vital for upholding constitutional democracy and protecting the rights of individuals against arbitrary or unlawful state actions. In this paper, we will explore the classification of writs, their historical evolution, and their significance in contemporary judicial systems, particularly within the Indian legal framework.
अवधी लोक साहित्य एवं लोक संस्कृति भारतीय सांस्कृतिक विरासत का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण अंग है, जो उत्तर भारत के विशेषतः अवध क्षेत्र के जनजीवन, परंपराओं, आस्थाओं, रीति-रिवाजों और सामूहिक चेतना को अभिव्यक्त करता है। यह साहित्य लिखित से अधिक मौखिक परंपरा पर आधारित है, जिसके माध्यम से पीढ़ी दर पीढ़ी सामाजिक मूल्यों, नैतिक आदर्शों और ऐतिहासिक स्मृतियों का संप्रेषण होता आया है। अवधी लोक साहित्य में लोकगीत, लोककथाएँ, कहावतें, मुहावरे, पहेलियाँ, लोकनाट्य (जैसे नौटंकी, रामलीला) तथा संस्कार गीत प्रमुख रूप से सम्मिलित हैं। इन रचनाओं में जन्म, विवाह, खेती, ऋतु परिवर्तन, पर्व-त्योहार और दैनिक जीवन के विविध प्रसंगों का सजीव चित्रण मिलता है। अवधी लोक संस्कृति सामुदायिक जीवन, धार्मिक विश्वासों, कृषि आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था तथा प्रकृति के साथ घनिष्ठ संबंध को दर्शाती है। इसमें सामाजिक समरसता, पारिवारिक बंधन, स्त्री-पुरुष की भूमिकाएँ, लोकदेवताओं की पूजा, मेलों-त्योहारों की परंपरा तथा ग्रामीण जीवन की सरलता स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देती है। साथ ही, यह संस्कृति लोकभाषा की मधुरता और भावप्रधानता के माध्यम से मानवीय संवेदनाओं को प्रभावशाली ढंग से व्यक्त करती है। आधुनिकता, शहरीकरण और तकनीकी परिवर्तन के प्रभाव से अवधी लोक परंपराओं पर संकट भी उत्पन्न हुआ है, किंतु आज भी ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में यह जीवंत रूप में विद्यमान है और सांस्कृतिक पहचान को संरक्षित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रही है। इस प्रकार अवधी लोक साहित्य एवं लोक संस्कृति न केवल अतीत की धरोहर है, बल्कि वर्तमान सामाजिक संरचना और सांस्कृतिक निरंतरता को समझने का भी एक सशक्त माध्यम है।
Gender Differences in Educational Attainment: Causes and Solutions
Educational attainment is a crucial determinant of socio-economic status and overall well-being. However, significant gender differences in educational attainment persist globally, affecting both men and women. This paper explores the causes of these disparities and proposes solutions to bridge the gender gap in education. By examining socio-cultural, economic, and institutional factors, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue and offer practical recommendations to policymakers, educators, and communities. Gender differences in educational attainment remain a pressing issue in India, despite considerable progress in recent years. These disparities, influenced by socio-cultural norms, economic barriers, and institutional biases, significantly affect the educational trajectories and future opportunities of girls compared to boys.
Gender differences, educational attainment, socio-cultural factors, economic factors, institutional factors, policy recommendations
The Effect of Class Size on Student Learning and Achievement
Class size has been a critical factor in the discussion of educational quality and student outcomes. This paper explores the impact of class size on student learning and achievement. By reviewing existing literature and analyzing data from various educational settings, the study aims to determine whether smaller class sizes contribute to better academic performance and overall student satisfaction. The findings suggest that while smaller class sizes can enhance student learning experiences and achievement, the relationship is influenced by several mediating factors, including teaching quality, student engagement, and resource availability.
Class Size, Student Learning, Academic Achievement, Education Quality, Student Engagement, Teaching Effectiveness
Role of Technology in Transforming Classroom Teaching
Technology has significantly transformed classroom teaching by enhancing the way knowledge is delivered, accessed, and understood. The integration of digital tools such as computers, interactive whiteboards, online platforms, and educational software has created more engaging and interactive learning environments. Technology enables teachers to present complex concepts through multimedia resources, virtual simulations, and real-time collaboration tools, which improves students’ understanding and participation. It also supports personalized learning by allowing students to learn at their own pace and according to their individual needs. Furthermore, technology facilitates communication between teachers and students beyond the classroom through digital platforms and learning management systems. Despite its many benefits, effective implementation requires proper training for teachers, reliable infrastructure, and responsible use of digital resources. Overall, technology plays a crucial role in modernizing classroom teaching and improving the quality of education.
Technology in Education, Digital Learning, Smart Classrooms, E-Learning, Educational Technology
A Review of Simulation-Based Approaches and Tools for Mitigating Risks in Agile Software Projects and Development
Agile Software Development (ASD) introduces dynamic risk factors such as fluctuating developer availability, estimation inaccuracies, and backlog volatility, which traditional risk management frameworks fail to model effectively. This survey investigates simulation-based risk modeling approaches tailored to Agile contexts, with a particular focus on Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) and Monte Carlo experimentation. The proposed Simulation-Based Risk Assessment Framework (SBRAF) was applied to three real-world JIRA projects: Test Engineering (369 issues over 540 days), Platform (431 issues over 600 days), and CORD (265 issues over 180 days), executed in 60-day simulation intervals and iterated over 100 Monte Carlo runs. Results demonstrate high fidelity, with average deviation between real and simulated issue completions maintained below 2.5%, and 95% of real outcomes contained within simulated percentile bounds. Perturbation scenarios involving effort estimation errors (μ = 1.0, σ = 0.2) and stochastic developer-task assignment revealed robust predictive reliability under uncertainty. This study synthesizes simulation-based mitigation strategies, such as cycle time buffering, adaptive assignment, and risk-driven backlog grooming and surveys tool support for integration into Agile pipelines. The findings underscore simulation as a statistically grounded, scalable methodology for proactive risk profiling and strategic planning in ASD environments
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), is an aircraft that operates without a human pilot, relying on remote control or autonomous flight systems for navigation, stability and mission execution. They have become an integral part of modern technology, serving diverse applications ranging from military surveillance to environmental data collection. Since these aircraft systems do not require an onboard human pilot, there are able to perform various tasks in environments that may be hazardous or inaccessible to manned aircrafts. One of the most important performance aspects is endurance- the quality of the UAV to stay airborne preferably for a longer period of time. Endurance directly influences the range of operation, duration of mission and overall effectiveness of the UAV. Thus, endurance is treated as a key design priority among multiple other performance considerations. The importance of endurance in UAV applications cannot be overstated. Longer flight times come with an array of added benefits- longer flight times, wider space cover, extended surveillance conduction. This helps especially in applications requiring persistent observation or long duration of data collection. Consequently, endurance is treated as a key design priority among multiple performance aspects like payload capacity, speed, and maneuverability.[1][11] There are various advantages to longer flight durations- reduced operational costs, fewer launch and propulsion cycles, extended surveillance capability, and enhanced mission flexibility. However, achieving long endurance is intrinsically constrained by limited onboard energy resources, low power to weight ratio, energy density and various other mechanical factors. Because of this, endurance optimization has become a key issue in the development and use of long-endurance UAVs.[11][5]
Changing Dynamics Between Broadcast TV News Channels and Web News Channels: A Systematic Review
This paper explores the shifting dynamics between traditional broadcast TV news channels and web-based news platforms. The rise of digital media, fuelled by internet penetration and the proliferation of smartphones, has created significant challenges for legacy media outlets, which have dominated news consumption for decades. These papers examine the existing literature on content strategies, technological advancements, and the evolving perceptions of credibility between these two types of news media. The findings indicate that certain demographics still value broadcast TV news, but web news channels are becoming more popular due to their immediacy, diversity of perspectives, and user interaction. This research explores the changing relationship between broadcast TV news channels and web-based news platforms over time. It also examines the strategies employed by TV news channels to monetise their presence on new media platforms, highlighting the blending of these two formats to create a more integrated media environment.
Broadcast TV news, Web news channels, Digital media, News consumption, Media adaptation
भारतीय संदर्भ में सोशल मीडिया के माध्यम से सामाजिक आंदोलनों का उदय: एक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
यह अध्ययन भारतीय संदर्भ में सोशल मीडिया के माध्यम से सामाजिक आंदोलनों के उदय का विश्लेषण करता है। हाल के दशकों में, सोशल मीडिया मंच जैसे ट्विटर, फेसबुक, और इंस्टाग्राम ने सामाजिक आंदोलनों को गति प्रदान करने, जन जागरूकता बढ़ाने और सामूहिक कार्रवाई को संगठित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। यह शोध द्वितीयक डेटा पर आधारित है, जिसमें शैक्षणिक पत्रिकाएँ, समाचार लेख, और सोशल मीडिया सामग्री का उपयोग किया गया है। अध्ययन में निर्भया आंदोलन, किसान आंदोलन, और शाहीन बाग जैसे प्रमुख आंदोलनों का विश्लेषण किया गया है, ताकि यह समझा जा सके कि सोशल मीडिया ने कैसे सामाजिक परिवर्तन को बढ़ावा दिया। थीमैटिक विश्लेषण और सामग्री विश्लेषण के माध्यम से यह शोध दर्शाता है कि सोशल मीडिया ने न केवल जनता को एकजुट किया, बल्कि क्षेत्रीय और भाषाई विविधता को भी समेटा। यह अध्ययन भारतीय सामाजिक-राजनीतिक परिदृश्य में डिजिटल मंचों की भूमिका और उनकी सीमाओं को रेखांकित करता है, जो नीति निर्माताओं और शोधकर्ताओं के लिए उपयोगी अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है।
सोशल मीडिया, सामाजिक आंदोलन, भारतीय संदर्भ, डिजिटल सक्रियता, निर्भया आंदोलन, किसान आंदोलन, शाहीन बाग, थीमैटिक विश्लेषण, सामग्री विश्लेषण
An analysis of Economic Impact of the UAE–India CEPA on Bilateral Trade: A data driven study over the years
India and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) share a deep-rooted partnership built on trade, energy, diaspora, and strategic cooperation. The UAE is India’s third-largest trading partner after United States and China, and a major energy supplier, while India exports gems, textiles, machinery, and food products. The 2022 Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) was signed with an ambition to further elevate bilateral trade by reducing tariffs and expanding market access. The UAE hosts over 3.5 million Indians, contributing to its economy and remitting significantly to India. Together, both nations drive regional cooperation in trade, energy, and innovation. This study investigates the impact CEPA between the UAE and India on bilateral trade. This partnership agreement is India’s first bilateral trade pact in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and the CEPA extends beyond goods to include services, investments, and broader areas of economic cooperation. This study however predominantly investigates Merchandise Trade between the UAE and India over the years. Drawing on multiple data sources—including Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, trade statistics and news items, the analysis compares trade patterns between the two countries before and after the agreement’s implementation. Findings indicate that the CEPA has significantly deepened bilateral trade particularly in sectors such as mineral fuels, precious and semi-precious stones, gems and jewellery, clothes, mechanical appliances, aircraft and parts thereof, floating structures and more.
Attitudes of Physical Education Teachers Towards Inclusion of Children with Special Needs in Schools
Inclusive education is increasingly recognized as a fundamental approach for ensuring equity, social justice, and equal learning opportunities for all learners, including children with special needs. Within the school curriculum, Physical Education (PE) occupies a distinctive position as it contributes not only to physical fitness but also to social interaction, emotional well-being, teamwork, and holistic personality development. Despite its importance, the effective inclusion of children with special needs in Physical Education classes continues to face several challenges, many of which are influenced by teachers’ attitudes, professional competence, training, and institutional support. The present study examines the attitudes of Physical Education teachers toward the inclusion of children with special needs in regular school settings. A descriptive survey method was adopted, and primary data were collected from Physical Education teachers working at secondary and higher secondary levels using a structured attitude questionnaire. The study analyzes overall attitudes, gender-based differences, the influence of teaching experience, the role of professional training, and the challenges faced in implementing inclusive Physical Education. The findings indicate that teachers generally demonstrate moderately positive attitudes toward inclusion; however, professional training, teaching experience, and availability of resources significantly affect their readiness to implement inclusive practices. The study offers valuable insights for teacher education institutions, school administrators, and policymakers to strengthen inclusive Physical Education through focused training programs, improved infrastructure, and supportive policies.
Attitude, Physical Education Teachers, Inclusive Education, Children with Special Needs, Schools
Contemporary Trends in Indian Children's Literature
Indian children's literature has changed significantly for good in the last few decades. The quality of books produced in India is now beginning to compete with international counterparts, excelling not only in their physical presentation but also in the richness and depth of their content. Contemporary Indian children's literature facilitates literary competency, life skills, and socialization,to young adults. Despite the field has been continually evolving, the academic study of children's literature has historically received limited attention. However, the landscape of Indian children's literature has undergone significant changes in recent decades, largely shaped by evolving demands from parents as these books stimulate and ignite the imagination of the young reader. And has multifaceted benefits from academic and cognitive development to social and emotional learning, and from fostering creativity to building a strong parent-child connection.This has led to technological advances in printing and publishing capabilities. In addition, authors and illustrators are adapting to the digital age by creating content that captivates the attention of children accustomed to the rapid sensory stimuli of digital resources and applications. Children’s books now incorporate multimedia elements, such as animations, sound effects, and interactive features, to capture and sustain the attention of young readers. In recent years, authors have embarked on themes that celebrate India's cultural mosaic, fostering inclusivity, and representing various regions, languages, and lifestyles. Current trends in Indian children's literature reflect a dynamic and evolving landscape engaging young readers in diverse and meaningful ways. This research paper examines some current trends in Indian children's literature with a particular focus on contemporary Indian girls, postmodernism, and digital and technological advancements.
Contemporary Indian Children's Literature,Recent Trends, Cultural influence, Inclusivity, Diversity, Contemporary Indian Girl, Postmodernism, Digital and Technological advancements.
CRIMINALISATION VS DECRIMINALISATION: AN EXAMINATION OF THE EVOLVING PARAMETERS OF MORALITY AND LAW IN INDIAN PENAL LEGISLATION
Indian criminal law is at a historic turning point, moving away from moralism from the colonial era and towards a rights-based constitutional framework. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS)[1] passage is not just a matter of legislative housekeeping; it is a complete rethinking of the State's moral authority and penal power. Two macro-trends define this jurisprudential transition: first, the systematic decriminalisation of consensual, private, self-regarding conduct—such as homosexual intimacy (Section 377 IPC), adultery (Section 497 IPC), and attempted suicide (Section 309 IPC)—driven by the Supreme Court’s embrace of constitutional morality and transformative constitutionalism, reading Articles 14, 15, 19, and 21[2] in a dignity-autonomy register; and second, the targeted criminalisation of contemporary harms inadequately addressed under the IPC, including mob lynching (Section 103(2) BNS), organised crime (Section 111 BNS), terrorism (Section 113 BNS), and deceit-based sexual exploitation, signalling a harm-centric and victim-focused approach consistent with constitutional values. This change represents a philosophical transition from legal moralism, which criminalised actions based on majority views of morality, to a framework based on constitutional morality, which limits the scope of criminal law to actions that clearly harm others or violate constitutional rights. The essay delineates this trajectory by employing theoretical frameworks including the harm principle, legal moralism, constitutional morality, and transformative constitutionalism; it examines the continuum from colonial times to the present; analyses significant decriminalisations; evaluates recent BNS criminalisation’s; and critically assesses the ongoing tensions between constitutional and public morality, alongside the persistent issues of overcriminalization, definitional clarity, and enforcement discretion.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Academic Libraries: Transforming Information Access and User Services
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fast altering the composition of the academic libraries as it transforms the paradigms of access, cleft, and conveyance of information to the users. The author of this paper studies how AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, chatbots, recommender and intelligent search algorithms can streamline the fundamental operational areas of libraries. The applications of artificial intelligence technologies will include personalizing the process of information retrieval, automatic creation of cataloguing and metadata, anticipation of the collection development, and the constantly available virtual reference service. The innovations contribute to efficiency in the operations, optimizing of resources, and the user experience is significantly enhanced due to the provision of relevant, timely, and context-sensitive services. Other issues that the paper touches on include the challenges linked to the implementation of AI in academic libraries, including data privacy, ethical aspects, lack of competency in the staff and inadequate infrastructural support. The research project compiles the best practices and current trends, offers strategic strategies to capitalize on the use of AI to use academic libraries as intelligent bodies of knowledge that help in teaching, learning, and research at the digital age.
artificial intelligence (AI), academic libraries, information search and retrieval, library automation, intelligent search, chatbots, user service, and online libraries.
Exploring the Impact of Lean Manufacturing Tools on Waste Reduction in Manufacturing Plants
Due to the fact that competition is becoming more aggressive across the globe, the industrial sector must be concerned with quality, efficiency, and sustainability. The lean manufacturing approach to strategy involves producing more and minimally wasting. This study aims at investigating the impact of the various lean manufacturing techniques on waste reduction in factories. In particular, it will pay attention to 5S, TPM, VSM, kaizen and kanban. The study examines these technologies as a means of reducing the seven groups of muda (waste) caused by manufacturing processes by critically evaluating the available literature and case study analysis of the industry. The problem that arises when individuals attempt to use lean is also examined, although the research is also identifying the most significant issues that influence the effectiveness of the strategy. We believe that the findings will reveal how the lean technologies will be able to enhance the current production and run it more efficiently and utilize the resources it has.
Lean Manufacturing, Waste Reduction, Kaizen, 5S, Value Stream Mapping, Kanban, Total Productive Maintenance, Process Optimization, Continuous Improvement, Industrial Efficiency
A Review on Women entrepreneurship in India
Over the past few decades, women's entrepreneurship in India has grown significantly. Notwithstanding these advancements, obstacles like limited access to resources, societal prejudices, and financial limitations still affect female entrepreneurs. This study examines the state of women's entrepreneurship in India today, highlighting important factors, obstacles, and potential legislative solutions. The report emphasises how government programs, technological advancements, and shifting public perceptions empower female entrepreneurs. It also looks at how women's socioeconomic situation is affected by entrepreneurship, highlighting how their involvement in the industry promotes gender equality and financial independence. The study also explores how innovation and technology may help women succeed as entrepreneurs and offers tactical suggestions for strengthening support networks. India can provide a supportive environment that encourages women entrepreneurs to expand sustainably and eventually contribute to the economic development of the country by removing obstacles and taking advantage of possibilities.
Mind-Body Connection in Digestive Health: Reviewing the Yogic Impact of Asana and Pranayama
Digestive health is strongly shaped by the mind–body connection, with stress, diet, and lifestyle influencing gastrointestinal (GI) function and disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and chronic constipation. Conventional pharmacological treatments often target symptoms but do not address underlying psycho-physiological factors, which has led to growing interest in integrative approaches like yoga. This review examines evidence on the role of asana (postures) and pranayama (breathing techniques) in promoting digestive health. Findings suggest that asanas such as twists, forward bends, and inversions mechanically stimulate abdominal organs, improve circulation, and enhance motility, thereby alleviating constipation, bloating, and sluggish digestion. Pranayama practices including diaphragmatic breathing, Kapalabhati, and Anulom-Vilom regulate the autonomic nervous system, increase vagal tone, and reduce stress-induced disturbances, addressing the gut–brain axis more holistically. Clinical and experimental studies report improvements in IBS, GERD, and functional constipation, with benefits extending to stress reduction, heart rate variability, and cortisol balance. Overall, yoga offers a low-cost, accessible, and non-pharmacological supplement to digestive healthcare by integrating physical, neurological, and psychological regulation. However, gaps remain in standardized protocols, large-scale trials, and microbiome-focused studies, highlighting the need for further research to establish yoga as a mainstream therapeutic strategy.
An Analysis of the Current Educational System
A nation's educational system is a key factor in its economic and social development. We need to put things right because of how things are right now and because the world is always changing. Education provides an opportunity for students to reflect on and make sense of the ethical, societal, economic, and cultural challenges they face. India has to invest more in its educational system to produce leaders with more relevant experience and insight. Numerous Indians have made a name for themselves all throughout the globe. In order to become a digital nation or a successful partner in global progress, India must incorporate research and development into its higher education system. The current state of higher education in India will primarily be the focus of this research.
Higher Education, India. Scenario, Development etc.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Automating Problem Solving and Computational Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a pivotal force in automating problem-solving and enhancing computational intelligence across various disciplines of computer science. Artificial intelligence methodologies empower robots to execute intricate reasoning, learning, and decision-making functions that conventionally necessitated human intellect. AI systems can evaluate extensive datasets, identify optimal solutions, and adapt to evolving conditions by utilizing methodologies such as search algorithms, knowledge-based systems, machine learning, and evolutionary computation. The function of AI in automating problem-solving procedures in domains such as optimization, pattern recognition, robotics, and intelligent decision support systems. The advantages of enhanced efficiency, scalability, and precision, along with obstacles pertaining to explainability, ethical considerations, and system reliability. AI-driven computational intelligence is revolutionizing traditional computing paradigms and will remain essential in the advancement of autonomous and intelligent systems for future applications.
Artificial Intelligence, Computational Intelligence, Automated Problem Solving, Machine Learning
Evaluating the Efficacy of Online Learning Platforms in Higher Education Following COVID-19
In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak, online learning systems became an indispensable resource for keeping classes running smoothly. the post-pandemic effects of online learning platforms on pedagogy, student engagement, and course completion rates in undergraduate and graduate programs. The research used a mixed-methods strategy, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to glean more in-depth information from 500 students and 200 faculty members from various fields. Adaptability, accessibility, engagement, and evaluation techniques are among the important indicators examined. The results show that there have been great strides in tech-enabled learning, but they also show that there are still obstacles, such as a digital gap, tech weariness, and less peer interaction. The report provides actionable advice for meeting the educational needs of the post-pandemic era, including how to improve online learning environments, make them more welcoming to all students, and use hybrid models. a discussion that has been going on for a while about how to use digital tools to improve the standard of higher education in this dynamic field.
Digital Education, Online Learning Platforms, Higher Education, Post-COVID-19, Student Engagement
An Analysis of the Current Educational System & National Education Policy
A nation's educational system & national education policy is a key factor in its economic and social development. We need to put things right because of how things are right now and because the world is always changing. Education provides an opportunity for students to reflect on and make sense of the ethical, societal, economic, and cultural challenges they face. India has to invest more in its educational system to produce leaders with more relevant experience and insight. Numerous Indians have made a name for themselves all throughout the globe. In order to become a digital nation or a successful partner in global progress, India must incorporate research and development into its higher education system. The current state of higher education in India will primarily be the focus of this research.
Education Policy, NEP, Higher Education, India. Scenario, Development etc.
Work-Life Balance Programs and Their Effect on Employee Productivity: Evidence from ITES Companies in NCR
Background: The National Capital Region (NCR) Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) sector has grown rapidly, resulting in increased job pressure, long hours, and employee stress. These issues have been addressed by work-life balance (WLB) programs such hybrid work models, flexible scheduling, and wellness programs. Despite broad use, the impact of such initiatives on employee productivity and engagement is unknown. Understanding this relationship is essential for devising human resource strategies that boost performance and employee well-being in high-demand ITES situations. Purpose: This study examines how work-life balance programs affect employee productivity in selected NCR ITES organizations. It examines how hybrid work models and flexible arrangements improve job satisfaction and work-life balance. The study examines how employee views of these programs affect their efficacy and identifies obstacles to success. The findings should help HR managers and organizational leaders improve productivity through WLB initiatives. Methodology: NCR ITES businesses were studied using a case study technique. 300 employees at various levels completed structured surveys and semi-structured interviews to provide primary data. Quantitative analysis examined WLB programs and production using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression. Easy disconnect from work and performance indicators were dependent variables, while employee satisfaction and hybrid model effectiveness were predictors. The study followed ethical standards like anonymity and permission. Findings: The results show that work-life balance initiatives boost employee productivity. Job satisfaction-boosting hybrid work arrangements help people unplug outside of work. However, happiness with flexibility alone had a mixed effect, demonstrating that unstructured flexibility may not necessarily boost productivity. ITES businesses' WLB programs significantly impact employee engagement and performance, demonstrating their strategic value. Implications: The study suggests that well-designed WLB programs can enhance productivity and employee retention as strategic HR tools. Flexibility and supporting practices should boost job satisfaction in organizations. HR policies should address implementation issues and structure WLB efforts to boost employee performance and well-being.
Impact of Hr Practices On Employee Job Satisfaction During Remote Work In Edu Tech Sector
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant shift towards remote work, with many organizations in the Edu Tech sector in India adopting this model to ensure business continuity. However, remote work has also introduced new challenges, particularly in terms of employee job satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the impact of HR practices on employee job satisfaction during remote work in the Edu Tech sector in Delhi-NCR Region. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of 150 employees and 10 in-depth interviews with HR professionals. The results indicate that HR practices, such as communication, feedback, and performance management, play a crucial role in shaping employee job satisfaction during remote work. Specifically, employees who received regular feedback and had a sense of belonging to the organization were more likely to report higher job satisfaction. Additionally, the study found that HR practices that promoted work-life balance, such as flexible working hours and online training sessions, were positively correlated with job satisfaction. The study's findings suggest that Edu Tech companies in India need to adopt a proactive approach to HR practices that prioritize employee well-being and job satisfaction during remote work. By implementing effective communication strategies, providing regular feedback, and promoting work-life balance, organizations can enhance employee job satisfaction and improve overall performance. The study's implications for HR practitioners and Edu Tech companies are discussed, highlighting the importance of adapting HR practices to meet the changing needs of employees in the remote work era.
The Indian Retail Investing Paradox: Analyzing Underperformance During The Post-COVID Boom
In the post COVID 19 period, India has seen an unusual growth in retail participation throughout the country, marked by the significant increase in demat accounts from 3.6 crore to a staggering 15.1 crore. This surge is accompanied by the “paradox”, where regulatory data from SEBI indicates that the vast majority of retail traders have incurred losses, with aggregate losses exceeding ₹1.8 lakh crore. This paper examines this disparity between the participation and performance of individual traders. The paper establishes a market performance benchmark by calculating the CAGR of the Nifty 50 and Nifty 50 TRI for FY2020 to FY2024. The analysis displays that losses are not due to market performance, but rather are consistent with several phenomena observed in behavioural ﬁnance. The paper argues that Behavioural biases - such as overtrading, recency bias, herding, and loss aversion - are ampliﬁed by structural factors in the market, such as the gamiﬁcation of digital trading and easy access to high risk derivatives, have been the primary factors contributing to this paradox. The paper concludes that the underperformance paradox observed is a systematic issue and gives policy recommendations to improve investor education and curb exploitative practices to improve the Indian ﬁnancial landscape in the long run.